The Prophet's Mosque in Madinah was founded by the Prophet Muhammad himself in 622 CE, next to the house where he lived after the migration from Makkah. Under the Green Dome lies his tomb, together with those of the caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar, and the area between the tomb and the pulpit is known as the Rawdah. Successive rulers enlarged the mosque until it became one of the largest buildings in the world, with retractable umbrellas shading the courtyards and space for more than a million worshippers. Unlike Makkah, the city is quieter and many pilgrims come here to rest before or after Hajj. Only Muslims may enter Madinah, and visits to the Rawdah are booked through the official app.

Jannat al-Baqi is the main cemetery of Madinah, lying just south-east of the Prophet's Mosque. Many relatives and companions of the Prophet Muhammad are buried here. The domed tombs that once stood over the graves were removed in the 1920s, and the graves are now marked only by simple stones. It opens to male visitors after the dawn and afternoon prayers.

Masjid al-Ghamama stands about 500 metres south-west of the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah. It marks the open ground where the Prophet Muhammad led the Eid prayers and is also linked to a prayer for rain; its name means the mosque of the cloud. The present building of dark basalt with white domes dates from the Ottoman period.

Quba, on the southern edge of Madinah, is the first mosque built in Islam, founded by the Prophet Muhammad when he arrived from Makkah in 622 CE. He is said to have laid its first stones himself, and tradition holds that praying two units here carries the reward of an Umrah. The mosque has been rebuilt and expanded many times and today is a bright white building with slender minarets and large domes over a wide prayer hall. Many pilgrims visit on Saturday mornings, following the Prophet's own practice of coming to Quba each week. It is a short drive from the Prophet's Mosque and open to Muslim visitors.

Masjid al-Qiblatayn, the Mosque of the Two Qiblas, is in the north-west of Madinah. Tradition holds that the Prophet Muhammad was leading prayer here when the command came to change the direction of prayer from Jerusalem to Makkah. The mosque was rebuilt in 1987 in white with twin domes and twin minarets.

The Seven Mosques are a group of small historic mosques at the foot of Mount Sela in Madinah, on the site of the Battle of the Trench in 627. The largest, Al-Fath Mosque, stands on the hillside where the Prophet is said to have prayed for victory. Others are named after Salman al-Farisi, Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali and Fatimah.

Uhud is the long red mountain north of Madinah where the Battle of Uhud was fought in 625 CE between the Muslims of Madinah and the Quraysh of Makkah. Seventy companions of the Prophet died in the fighting, among them his uncle Hamza, and they are buried at the foot of the mountain in a walled cemetery that pilgrims visit. The small hill of Jabal al-Rumat nearby, where archers were posted, is part of the story every guide tells here. The rock glows deep red in the late afternoon light against the dark volcanic plain around it. It is an easy trip from the city, and visitors are asked to dress and behave as at any sacred site.

The Hejaz Railway Museum occupies the old Madinah station, the southern terminus of the Ottoman line from Damascus that opened in 1908 to carry pilgrims. The stone station building has been restored, with exhibits on the history of Madinah and the railway. Original locomotives and carriages stand on the tracks outside.